This paper provides an overview of the situation regarding school segregation in Council of Europe member states, as well as of the main factors causing it, based on the findings of the Commissioner’s country-monitoring work. It also reviews the risks entailed by separate education. It then outlines the key principles that should underpin any policy to eradicate segregation and promote inclusive education, and ends with a list of conclusions and recommendations for the attention of policy-makers and, more generally, all those involved in developing more inclusive education policies.