The impact of COVID-19 on student learning outcomes across Europe: the challenges of distance education for all

Due to COVID-19 pandemic, every EU Member State was affected by partial or total closures of educational institutions. The report provides a review of the available evidence on the impact of COVID-19-related school disruptions on student learning outcomes at primary and secondary level across the EU, and characterises the various factors identified as having had an impact on student learning. These factors include a reduction in teaching and learning time, in the frequency of individual contact with teachers, and in the capacity of teachers and students to adapt to distance education.  The report also analyses the available evidence on the role of the digital education in supporting students’ academic achievement in the context of distance schooling.